What does "chiaroscuro" involve in art?

Chiaroscuro refers to the technique in drawing and painting that involves the treatment of light and shade to create the illusion of depth and volume. This method enhances the three-dimensionality of forms by using contrasts between light and dark areas, allowing artists to convey a wider range of emotions and atmospheres in their work. By skillfully manipulating light and shadow, artists can guide viewers’ attention, create focal points, and emphasize certain aspects of the composition. This technique has been used by numerous artists throughout history and is fundamental in achieving realism in artwork.

The other options do not accurately represent what chiaroscuro entails. For instance, solely using bright colors without contrasts would not achieve the depth characteristic of chiaroscuro. Similarly, while shadows are a component of chiaroscuro, it is not limited to shadows alone but involves a much broader treatment of light. Finally, the exclusive use of black and white tones would not encompass the full range of techniques employed in chiaroscuro, which can include various colors as well as different degrees of darkness and lightness.