What does cloisonné refer to in decorative arts?

Cloisonné is specifically a technique in decorative arts where enamels, glass, or gems are separated by thin metal wire on a metal backing, typically copper or bronze. The name itself is derived from the French word "cloison," which means "partition" or "compartment." In this method, artisans create compartments (cloisons) that hold the enamel or stone securely, allowing for intricate designs and vibrant colors.

This technique has been utilized across various cultures, most notably in Byzantine, Chinese, and Islamic art, and is renowned for its ability to create visually striking and durable decorative pieces. The precision in setting the wires not only defines the design but also creates a stunning contrast between the metal and the color of the enamels or stones used, enhancing the overall aesthetic appeal of the piece.

While other techniques listed in the options focus on different forms of artistic expression, cloisonné is distinct due to its emphasis on the use of metal wire to create defined color borders, making it a unique and recognizable method in the decorative arts.