What does "sfumato" mean in the context of painting techniques?

In the context of painting techniques, "sfumato" is specifically an Italian term meaning "smoky." This technique is characterized by the subtle blending of colors and tones, which creates a softer transition between colors and leads to a more realistic representation of light and shadow. The result is a hazy effect that enhances the three-dimensional appearance of subjects, allowing for a more natural depiction of forms. This blending contributes to an atmospheric quality in the artwork, often seen in the works of artists like Leonardo da Vinci, who expertly applied the sfumato technique to achieve unparalleled depth and realism in portraiture. Thus, the definition as "smoky" aptly describes its application in art, focusing on creating a delicate gradation of tones rather than firm outlines or bold colors.