What does shading in an artwork contribute to?

Shading in an artwork is primarily utilized to provide depth and form to the subjects depicted. When an artist uses shading techniques, such as cross-hatching, stippling, or blending, they create variations in light and dark areas on the surface. This contrast is essential for depicting three-dimensional qualities on a two-dimensional plane. By simulating shadows and highlights, shading helps viewers understand the physicality of objects, making them appear more realistic and spatially aware. It engages the viewer by highlighting textures, contours, and the play of light, ultimately enriching the artwork's overall visual impact. This ability to suggest volume and perspective is a fundamental aspect of effective artwork.