What is the primary function of a burnisher or baren in printmaking?

The primary function of a burnisher or baren in printmaking is indeed related to smoothing and compressing the surface. When used in the context of intaglio printing, a burnisher serves to smooth the plate and enhance the quality of the printed image. By applying pressure, it helps transfer ink from the etching or engraved lines of the plate onto the paper, ensuring a clearer and more defined impression. This tool is vital for achieving the desired textures and contrasts in the final print.

While cutting tools are essential in preparing a plate for printmaking, their role is distinct from that of a burnisher, which focuses on the application and smoothing of the ink on already prepared plates. Similarly, the application of ink is primarily done using brayers or rollers rather than a burnisher, and techniques for creating images on fabric employ different methods altogether, such as screen printing or fabric dyeing. The burnisher is uniquely aligned with the processes of drawing out the subtle details and enhancing the overall finish of printmaking.