What is the primary function of gesso in painting?

Gesso primarily functions as a preparatory base for painting surfaces, such as canvas or wood. It creates a suitable texture and absorbency, allowing for better adherence of the paint. By applying gesso, artists ensure that the surface is not too porous, which could absorb paint unevenly, nor too slick, which could cause the paint to sit on top rather than bond effectively. This fundamental layer plays a crucial role in achieving the desired aesthetic and longevity of the artwork.

Creating texture on the canvas may occur as a result of gesso application, but that is not its primary role. Gesso isn’t intended for tinting colors, as its main purpose is to prime, not to alter hues. Lastly, while brush cleaning is essential in the painting process, gesso does not serve any function related to maintaining or cleaning brushes. Instead, gesso prepares the surface for a successful painting experience.