What is the process called when metal is heated and shaped by applying compressive force?

The process of heating metal and shaping it by applying compressive force is known as forging. This technique involves heating the metal to a plastic state and then shaping it through hammering, pressing, or other forms of mechanical force. Forging is favored in manufacturing due to the improved mechanical properties it imparts to the metal, such as increased strength and improved grain structure, which ultimately results in durable metal components.

In contrast, welding involves joining two pieces of metal together by melting them and allowing them to fuse, rather than shaping a single piece. Casting refers to pouring molten metal into a mold to create a specific shape, and it does not involve compressive force on the material post-heating. Polishing is a finishing process that enhances the surface appearance of a material but does not alter its shape or structure through compressive force. These distinctions help clarify why forging is the correct term for the described process.