Which art technique is characterized by layering materials to create a functional or decorative object?

Papier-mâché is an art technique that involves layering materials—typically paper strips or pulp—mixed with adhesive substances like glue or starch. This method allows artists to create both functional and decorative objects, such as masks, sculptures, or even furniture. The application of layers is crucial, as the process builds strength and structure into the final product, making it lightweight yet durable.

In contrast, cloisonné is primarily a decorative art form involving the use of metal wires to create compartments for enamel or gemstones. Forging is a metalworking process that shapes metal by heating and hammering, usually resulting in functional objects like tools or hardware, rather than layered materials. Raku refers to a specific pottery technique typically associated with firing in a reduction atmosphere, primarily aimed at creating unique textures and glaze effects on ceramics. Understanding these distinctions clarifies why papier-mâché stands out for its layered approach.